The Effect of a Cardiac Rehabilitation Course on Some Key Factors of Reverse Cholesterol ‎Transfer and TNFα Serum Level in Coronary Bypass Patients

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur Branch, Neyshabur, Iran

2 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

3 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Purpose:
Cardiovascular disease especially atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of death in the world. One of the important mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of this disease is the reverse transfer of cholesterol. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a cardiac rehabilitation course on some key factors in reverse cholesterol transfer including expression of (Liver X receptor gene; LXR) lipid profile and (Tumor necrosis factor; TNFα) serum level in coronary bypass patients.
Methods:
Twenty-four male subjects who underwent bypass surgery were divided into two equal groups of central stability training group and mobilization voluntarily groups. The experimental group performed aerobic resistance training for eight weeks (3 sessions per week) and the control group did not. Blood samples including TNFα factors, lipids, cholesterol and LXR gene were taken 48 hours before the start of the first training session and also 48 hours after the last training session while all subjects were fasting a blood sample was taken to evaluate the desired variables. LXR gene was measured by Real-Time-PCR. Independent and paired t-test and Shapiro-Wilk tests were used to analyze the data at a significant level of 0.05.
Results:
Eight weeks of cardiac rehabilitation program led to an increase in HDL, a decrease in LDL cholesterol and αTNF, and an increase in the expression of the LXR gene in the experimental group compared to the control group.
Conclusion:
Cardiac rehabilitation by improving the lipid profile and increasing the expression of LXR gene has a great effect on increasing cholesterol transfer process and reducing inflammatory factors including TNFα. which has a positive effect on the prevention of atherosclerosis and ischemia.

Keywords

References

  1. Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. NIH. PLoS Med 2006; 3(11): e442.
  2. Afzali A, Masoudi R, Etemadifar SH, Moradi M, Moghaddasi J. The effect of sedation programs on anxiety of patients undergoing cardiac angiography. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci 2010; 11(3): 84-93. [Persian]
  3. Xue Y, Zhao R, Du SH, Zhao D, Li DR, et al. Decreased mRNA levels of cardiac Cx43 and ZO1 in sudden cardiac death related to coronary atherosclerosis: apilot study. Int J Legal Med 2016; 6: 12-22.
  4. Chen YW, Apostolakis A, Gregory Y, Lip H. Exercise-induced changes in inflammatory processes: Implications for thrombogenesis in cardiovascular disease. Ann Med 2014; 439-455.
  5. Moafi S, Zolaktaf V, Rabiei K, Hashemi M, Tarmah H. Effects of home-based exercise rehabilitation on quality of life after coronary artery bypass graft and PCIearly post-discharge. ZJRMS 2011; 13(6): 25-30.
  6. Tabas I. Pulling down the plug on atherosclerosis: finding theculprit in your heart. finding theculprit in your heart. Nat Med 2012; 17(7): 791–793.
  7. Shokrallahnia roshan A, Sadeghi H, Shirani Sh, Nejatian M. Effects of strength training and cardiac‌rehabilitation programs on the biomechanical parameters of blood flow velocity and blood flow rateand its relation with arterial stiffness index in brachial and femoral arteries with coronary artery bypass grafting patients (CABG). Tavanbakhshi Journals‌ 2013; 14: 1-7. [Persian]
  8. Marzolini S, Oh PI, Brooks D. Effect of combined aerobic and resistance training versus aerobic training alone in individuals with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2013; 19 (1): 81-94.
  9. Zou J, Guo P, Lv N, Huang D. Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor enhances inflammation and is associated with cancer. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12: 6399-6404. [Crossref]
  10. Poznyak AV, Wu WK, Melnichenko AA, Wetzker R, et al. Signaling pathways and key genes involvedin regulation of foam cell formation inatherosclerosis. Cells 2020; 9(3): 584.
  11. Ono K, Horie T, Nishino T, Baba O, et al. MicroRNAs and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism. Int Heart J 2015; 56(4): 365-371.
  12. Quinet EM, Savio DA, Halpern AR, Chen L, et al. Liver X Receptor (LXR)- Regulation in LXR-Deficient Mice: Molecular Pharmacology 2006; 70: 1340-1349.
  13. Noelia A-Gonzálezb I, Castrillo A. Liver X receptors as regulators of macrophage inflammatory andmetabolic pathwayS. BBA 2011; 982-994.
  14. Tontonoz P, Mangelsdorf D. Liver X Receptor Signaling Pathways in Cardiovascular Disease. Mol Endocrino. 2003; 17(6):985-993.
  15. Homayoni K, Khosropanah Sh. [Principles of cardiac rehabilitation]. Tehran: Roshan KetabPublications 2010. [Persian]
  16. Abdian RD, Ahmadi A. The Effect of four Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training with different volumes on IL-6, TNF-α and hs-CRP in Overweight and Obese Young girls.  journals.iau.ir‏ 2023; 2(1): 1-14.
  17. Andarianto, A., Rejeki, P., Sakina, Pranoto, A., Seputra, T. A, et al. .Inflammatory markers in response to interval and continuous exercise in obese women. Comparative Exercise Physiology. M. J. C. E. P. 2022; 18 (2): 135-142.
  18. Kordi N, Shafiee N, Mirzaei S, Minavand K, Heidari N. The Effect of Continuous and Interval Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Training on Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β), and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft. J Isfahan Med Sch 2018; 36(486): 737-42. [Persian].
  19. Afshan S, Roshan VD. Comparing the effect of two resistance training with and without supplement ginger on inflammatory markers. Res Med.2016; 40(3): 118-24. [Persian]
  20. Isaksen K, Halvorsen B, Scott Munk P, Aukrust P, IngeLarsen A. Effects of interval training on inflammatory failure. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal 2019; 53(4): 213-219.
  21. Sadeghi Fazel F, Rashidlmir A, Khajaei R, Safipour Afshar A. The effect of eight weeks of aerobic resistance training on ABCG gene expression and lipid profile in CABG patients. Journal of Animal Environmental 2020; 13(2): 75-86. [Persian]
  22. Pinto PR, Moura Rocco DDF, Okuda LS, Machado Lima A, et al. Aerobic exercise training enhances the in vivo cholesterol trafficking from macrophages to the liver independently of changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid flux in macrophages and aorta. Lipids in Health and Disease 2015; 14 (1): 109.
  23. Falahi A, Gaienee A. The Effects of Continuous and Interval Exercise training on Quality of Life in Heart Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG). Sport Biosciences 2012; 10: 115-29. [Persian]
  24. Gaeini AA, Sattari fard S, CafiZadeh S, Nejatian M. The comparison of eight weeks of combined and aerobic training on functional capacity, body composition and strength in post-coronary artery bypass graft cardiac patients. Cardiovascular Nursing Journal 2013; 2(1): 34. [Persian]
  25. Rashidlamir A. Investigation of the Effect of Aerobic and Resistance Exercises on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ABCG1 Gene Expression in Female Athletes. JSSU 2012; 20(1): 1-9.
  26. Khajei R, Haghighi AH, Hamedinia M, Rashid Lamir A. Effects of EightWeek Aerobic Training on MonocytesABCG5 Gene Expression in Middle-Aged Men after Heart Bypass Surgery. JSUMS 2017; 24(1):79-88. [Persian]
  27. Ghanbari-Niaki A, Ghanbari-Abarghooi S, Gholizadeh M. Heart ATP-Binding Cassette protein A1and G1, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-αand Liver X Receptors Genes Expression in Response to Intensive Treadmill Running and Red Crataegus pentaegyna (Sorkh valik) in Male Rats. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 2015; 29-33.
  28. Heimerl S, Langmann T, Moehle C, Mauerer R, et al. Mutations in the Human ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ABCG5and ABCG8 in Sitosterolemia. HumMutation Mutat 2002; 20(2): 151.
  29. Sato M, Kawata Y, Erami K, Ikeda I, Imaizumi K. LXRagonist increases the lymph HDL transport in rats by promoting reciprocally intestinal ABCA1 and apo A-I mRNA levels. Lipids. Epub, 2008; 43 (2): 125-131.
  30. Parsa1H, Hasanvand B, Mehri Alvar Y, Zirrahiyan F.‌‌ Evaluation of Changes in Liver X Receptor Gene Expression Following Exercise and Myocardial Ischemia: A Shourt Report 2021; 20(2): 243. [Persian]
  31. Butcher L, Thomas A, Backx K, Roberts A, et al. Low-intensity exercise exerts beneficial effects on plasma lipids via PPARgamma. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 40: 1263-70.
  32. Cote I, Ngo Sock ET, Levy E, Lavoie JM. An atherogenic dietdecreases liver FXR gene expressionand causes severe hepatic steatosis and hepatic cholesterol accumulation: effect of endurance training. European Journal of Nutrition 2012; 52 (5): 1523-1532.
  33. Kazemi Nasab F, Marandi M, Ghaedi K, Esfarjani F, Moshtaghian J. The effect of aerobic training on lipid profile and expression of hepatic xalpha LXRα receptor gene in male rats; Cell J. 2017; 19(1): 45-49.  [Persian]
  34. Nishida T, Ayaori M, Arakawa J, SuenagaY, et al. Liver-specific LXR inhibition represses reverse cholesterol transport incholesterol-fedmice;‌ bioRxiv; 2023.02.06.527401.
  35. Ngo Sock ET, Farahnak Z, Lavoie JM. Exercise training decreases gene expression of endo-and xeno-sensors in‌ rat‌ small‌ intestine.‌ Appl.‌ Physiol. 2014; 39: 1098-1103.
  36. Pedersen‌‌ BK. The‌‌ Diseasome of Physical Inactivity-and the Role of Myokinesin‌ Muscle-Fat Cross Talk. J Physiol 2009; 587(23): 5559-5568.
  37. Azamian A, Maghsoudi A, Emadi S. Effect of four weeks of endurance exercise training on TNF-α and IL-10 genes expression following experimental MI in male rats. JAEP 2016; 13(26): 237- 248. [Persian]
  38. Conroy SM, Courneya KS, Brenner DR, Shaw E, et al. Impact of‌‌ Aerobic Exercise on Levels of IL-4 andIL-10: Results from Two Randomized Intervention Trials. ‌ Cancer Med 2016; 5(9): 2385-2397.
  39. Passino C, Severino S, Poletti R, Piepoli MF, et al. Aerobic training decreases B-type natriuretic peptide expression and adrenergic activation in patients with heart failure. JACC Journals 2006; 47(9): 1835-1839.
  40. Byrkjeland R, Birgitta B. Nilsson A, et al. Inflammatory markers as related to disease severity in patients with chronic heart failure: Limited effects of exercise training. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2011; 598-605.
  41. Zamanpour L, Banitalibi IB, Amirhosseini Effect of Aerobic Parallel Speed Training on the Potential of Some Markers of Inflammatory Insulin Resistance in Women with Type 2 Diabetes. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism 2016; 15(2): 311-300. [Persian]
  42. Pedersen‌‌ BK. The‌‌ Diseasome of Physical Inactivity-and the Role of Myokinesin‌ Muscle-Fat Cross Talk. J Physiol 2009; 587(23): 5559-5568.
  43. Isaksen K, Munk PS, Valborgland T, Larsen AI. Aerobic interval training in patients with heart failure and an implantable cardioverter defibrillator: a controlled study evaluating feasibility and EJPC 2014; 22(3): 296-303.
Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation
Volume 12, Issue 2
September 2023
Pages 32-44

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics