Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation

Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation

The Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Consolidation of Fine Motor Skills: Preliminary Study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
A Mehranian 1
M.R Shahabi Kaseb 2
Zahra Stiri 2
1 M.Sc in Physical Education, Hakim Sabzevari University, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Iran
2 Assistant Professor in Motor Behavior, Hakim Sabzevari University, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Iran
10.22038/jpsr.2016.6917
Abstract
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of night time sleep on the consolidation of fine motor skills in 19 to 25 year old students following a training session with and without neuromuscular facilitation through proprioceptive sensors.
Methods:
In this study22 right-handed students (19-25 years old) with good sleep quality and no neuromuscular disease were randomly divided into the control and experimental (neuromuscular facilitation) groups. Participants of the experimental and control groups practiced one training session of dart throwing on the first day (54 attempts) and immediately participated in acquisition test (9 attempts). Afterwards, in the morning of second day, the retest (9 attempts) was performed. To evaluate the development of performance accuracy, the tests of acquisition and the retest were compared. To analyze the data, the analysis of variance for between-within subjects with a significant level of α=0.05 were used. 
Results:
The results did not show a significant difference in accuracy performance before and after the night sleep (F=3.9, P=0.62) as well as between the two groups (F=0.13, P=0.71).
Conclusion:
The results of this study show that night sleep with and without proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation before fine motor skills training have no effect on the components of accuracy. 
Keywords
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
Consolidation
Accuracy
Subjects
  1. Pournaghash Tehrani S. Physiological Psychology. Tehran: University of Tehran Press; 2009: Chapter 6.  [Persian]
  2. Button, C., Macleod, M., Sanders, R., & Coleman, S. Examining movement variability in the basketball free-throw action at different skill levels. Research quarterly for exercise and sport 2003; 74(3): 257-269.
  3. Walker MP. A refined model of sleep and the time course of memory formation. Behavioral and brain sciences 2005; 28(1): 51-64.
  4. Edwards b.J, & Waterhouse J. Effects of one night of partial sleep deprivation upon diurnal rhythms of accuracy and consistency in throwing darts. Chronobiology international 2009; 26(4), 756-768.
  5. Halson S.L. Sleep and elite athlete. Sports science, 2013; 26 (113): 1-4.
  6. Gais S, Plihal W, Wagner U, & Born J. Early sleep triggers memory for early visual discrimination skills. Nat, Neuroscience 2000; 3(12): 1335-39.
  7. Walker M.P, Brakefield T, Morgan A, Hobson JA, & Stickgold R. Practice with sleep makes perfect: Sleep dependent motor skill learning. Neuron 2002; 35(1): 205-11.
  8. Fischer S, Hallschmid M, Elsner A.L. & Born, J. Sleep forms memory for finger skills. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci 2002; 99(18): 11987-91.
  9. Sige G. Motor control and learning from the viewpoint of psychology. Translated by Mortazavi H, Tehran: Sonbole Publication, first printing; 1999: 546.
  10. Walker M.P. & Stickgold R. Sleep-Dependent Learning and Memory Consolidation. Center for Sleep and Cognition Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School. Neuron 2004; 44(1): 121-33.
  11. Lemieux ST, penhune VB. The effects of practice and delay on motor skill learning and retention 2005; 161(4): 423-31.
  12. Walker M. P, Brakefield T, Hobson J. A. & Stickgold R. Dissociable stages of human memory consolidation and reconsolidation. Nature (2003a); 425(6958): 616–20.
  13. Shahabi Kaseb M.R, Mehrjoo M, Damavandi M, Estiri Z. The effect of time of training and night sleep on enhancement of “accuracy” and “timing” components of fine motor skill. Journal of Motor Behavior 2014a; 6(17): 185-204.  [Persian]
  14. Donchin O, Sawaki L, Madupu G, Cohen L. G. & Shadmehr R. Mechanisms influencing acquisition and recall of motor memories. Neurophysiology 2002; 88(4): 2114-23.
  15. Song S, James H. Howard J.r. & Darlene V. Howard. Sleep Does Not Benefit Probabilistic Motor Sequence Learning. The Journal of Neuroscience 2007; 27(46): 12475–12483, 12475.
  16. Brawn T.P, Fenn K.M, Nusbaum H.C. & Margoliash, D. Consolidating the effects of waking and sleep on motor-sequence learning. Neuroscience 2010; 30(42): 13977-13982, 13977.
  17. Walker M.P, Brakefield T, Seidman J, Morgan A, Hobson JA, et al. Sleep and the time course of motor skill learning. Learn mem 2003b; 10(4), 275-84.
  18. Shahabi Kaseb M.R, Mehrjoo M, Aminaii A.R. The effect of several training session before night sleep on consolidation of "accuracy" and "timing" components of timing motor sequence task 2014b. (Under Press). [Persian]
  19. Rihvk I, Clough A, & Clough P. Investigation to compare static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation contract–relax stretching effects on the visco-elastic parameters of the biceps femoris muscle. International Musculoskeletal Medicine 2010; 32(4): 157-162.
  20. Reis, E. d. F. S., Pereira, G. B., Sousa, N. M. F., Tibana, R. A., Silva, M. F., Araujo, M., Prestes, J. Acute effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and static stretching on maximal voluntary contraction and muscle electromyographical activity in indoor soccer players. Clinical physiology and functional imaging 2013; 33(6): 418-422.
  21. Talebian Moghadam S, Abbaszadeh Amirdehi M, Ghomi Motazeh M, Tamrtash H, Bahramian A. Neuromuscular Facilitation Approach. Tehran: Setayesh hasti Publication; 2011: Chapter 1. [Persian]
  22. Sullivan PE, Markos PD. Clinical Making in Therapeutic Exercise. First ed. Norwalk: Appleton & Lange; 1995: Chapters 2, 3.
  23. de Freitas W.Z, Silva E, Fernandes P.R, Carazzato J.G, & Dantas E.H.M. Development of shoulder and hip flexibility by proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and its relationship to muscle fiber type determined by dermatoglyphic method. Fitness & Performance Journal (Online Edition) 2007; 6(6): 347.
  24. Marek S.M, Cramer J.T, Fincher A.L, Massey L.L, Dangelmaier S.M, Purkayastha S, Culbertson J.Y. Acute effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on muscle strength and power output. Journal of Athletic Training 2005; 40(2): 94.
  25. Kofotolis N, Vrabas I, Vamvakoudis E, Papanikolaou A, & Mandroukas K. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation training induced alterations in muscle fibr type and cross sectional area. British journal of sports medicine; 2005: 39(3): e11-e11.
  26. Pereira M.P & Gonçalves M. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Improves Balance and Knee Extensors Strength of Older Fallers. ISRN Rehabilitation 2012: Article ID 402612: 1-7.
  27. Akosile C. O, Adegoke B. A, & Johnson, O. Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique on the Functional Ambulation of Stroke Survivors. Journal of Nigeria Society of Physiotherapy 2012; 18(1-2): 22-27.
  28. Hindle K, Whitcomb T, Briggs W, & Hong J. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF): Its mechanisms and effects on range of motion and muscular function. Journal of human kinetics 2012; 31: 105-113.
  29. Minshull C, Eston R, Bailey A, Rees D, Gleeson N. The differential effects of PNF versus passive stretch conditioning on neuromuscular performance. European journal of sport science 2014; 14(3): 233-41.
  30. Ryan E. E, Rossi M. D, & Lopez R. The effects of the contract-relax-antagonist-contract form of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on postural stability. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 2010; 24(7): 1888-1894.
  31. Wang R.Y. Effect of PNF on the gait of patients with hemiplegia of short and long duration. Phys Ther 1994; 74(12): 1008-151.
  32. de Alencar R.F, Cordeiro T.G.F, dos Anjos P.G. S, & Cavalcanti P.L. Facilitação Neuromuscular Proprioceptiva em tatame na reaquisição de funções na lesão medular. RevNeurocienc 2011; 19(3): 512-518.
  33. Hasan Barani F, Abdoli B, Farsi A. Effect of errorless and errorful learning on performance kinematic parameters in a throwing task: A pilot study. J Res Rehabil Sci 2014; 9(6): 978-990. [Persian]
  34. Torabi F, Sheikh M, Safaniya A.  The Effect of Arousal (by Audience and Music as Motivational Factors) on Learning and Performance of Continuous Skill (Basketball Dribbling). Development & Motor Learning 2011; 7: 23-42. [Persian]
  35. Areas G, Borghi-Silva A, Lobato A.N, Silva A.A, Freire Jr R.C, & Areas F.Z. Effect of upper extremity proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation combined with elastic resistance bands on respiratory muscle strength: a randomized controlled trial. Brazilian journal of physical therapy 2013; 17(6): 541-546.
  36. Pallant Julie. SPSS Survival Manual: a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (Version 15) (3rd Ed.). Crow’s Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin; 2007: Chapter 20.
  37. Shadmehr R. & Brashers Krug T. Functional stages in the formation of human long- term motor memory. Neuroscience 1997; 17 (1): 409- 419.
  38. Karni, A., Meyer, G., Rey-Hipolito, C., Jezzard, P., Adams, M.M., Turner, R. & Ungerleider, l.g. The acquisition of skilled motor performance: fastand slow experience-driven changes in primary motor cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci 1998; 95(3): 861-8.
  39. Kuriyama K, Stickgold R. & Walker M.P. Sleep-dependent learning and motor skill complexity. Learn Mem 2004; 11(6): 705-13.
  40. Ajemian, R., D’ausilio, A., Moorman, H., & Bizzi, E. Why professional athletes need a prolonged period of warm-up and other peculiarities of human motor learning. Journal of motor behavior 2010; 42(6): 381-388.
  41. Behm D. G, Bambury A, Cahill F, & Power K. Effect of acute static stretching on force, balance, reaction time, and movement time. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2004; 36: 1397-1402.

 

Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation
Volume 5, Issue 2
Spring 2016
Pages 82-89