Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation

Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation

Cumulative Probability of Occurrence of Nephropathy Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Using Survival Analysis

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
M Peyvand 1
H Ansari 2
A Payandeh 3
1 Epidemiology, Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
2 Epidemiology, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
3 Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
10.22038/jpsr.2022.66557.2409
Abstract
Purpose:
Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases and the most common disease related to metabolism in humans. Diabetic nephropathy, one of the dangerous complications of diabetes, has a relatively high prevalence in diabetic patients and causes kidney failure. Several factors have an effect on this disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the cumulative probability of occurrence of nephropathy complication of type 2 diabetes using survival analysis.
Methods:
This study was a historical cohort study of survival analysis, which was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner in 2019. The required sample size was estimated at 410 patients. Data were calculated using Stata.ver14 software and descriptive tests and then by Kaplan Meyer method and Cox survival proportional hazards model.
Results:
The variables of regular visits and smoking showed a significant relationship with the chance of nephropathy complications (p<0.05). Therefore, the chance of nephropathy complications in people who did not have regular visits was 1.03 times that of people who had regular visits. The Log-Rank test showed that the median survival time (months) of the occurrence of nephropathy is related to the variables of fasting blood sugar, blood pressure, systolic, and blood lipids.
Conclusion:
With early diagnosis of diabetes and control of the factors that accelerate the development of diabetic nephropathy and effective and timely treatments, it is possible to reduce the progress of the disease and it can be used in the field of prevention and treatment of diabetic patients and prevention of subsequent lesions and complications.
Keywords
Diabetes
Complications
Nephropathy
Survival analysis
  1. Keramati T, Razi F, Mobinizadeh M R, Oliaei Manesh A.R,  Larijani B. hba1c assays cost effectiveness in Iran. ijdld. 2015; 15(1): 28-36. [Persian]
  2. Lee TY, Kuo S, Yang CY, Ou HT. Cost‐effectiveness of long‐acting insulin analogues vs intermediate/long‐acting human insulin for type 1 diabetes: A population‐based cohort followed over 10 years. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2020; 86(5): 852-860.
  3. Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CD. Methylglyoxal, a Highly Reactive Dicarbonyl Compound, in Diabetes, Its Vascular Complications, and Other Age-Related Diseases. Physiological reviews 2020; 100(1): 407-461.
  4. Okosun IS, Okosun B, Lyn R, Airhihenbuwa C. Surrogate indexes of insulin resistance and risk of metabolic syndrome in non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black and Mexican American. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14(1): 3-9.
  5. World Health Organization, available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact sheets/ detail/ diabetes. Last update: 8 June 2020.
  6. Centers for disease control and prevention, available at: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pdfs/data/statistics/national-diabetes-statistics-report.pdf. Last update: 8 June 2020.
  7. Jie Chee Y, Seneviratna A, Joo Lim C, Chiong CX, et al. Red cell distribution width is associated with mortality and cardiovascular complications in diabetes mellitus in Singapore. European journal of preventive cardiology 2020; 27(2): 216-219.
  8. Rohani H, Eslami A, Raei M, Tavakoli H, et al. Evaluation theory of planned behavior and complications of diabetes perceived risk in predicting dietary behavior among type 2 diabetics. ijdld 2015; 15(1): 37-44 [Persian].
  9. Samsu N. Diabetic Nephropathy: Challenges in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021: 1497449.
  10. Harding JL, Pavkov ME, Magliano DJ, Shaw JE, Gregg EW. Global trends in diabetes complications: a review of current evidence. Diabetologia 2019; 62(1): 3-16.
  11. Singh AK, Khunti K. COVID-19 and Diabetes. Annu Rev Med 2022; 73: 129-147.
  12. Osmani F, Hajizadeh E, Mansoori P. Use of Smoothing Methods for Estimating the Coefficients of Time Dependent Rate Models in Survival Analysis and its Application in Psoriasis Disease. Irje 2016; 12 (3): 36-46.
  13. Yun JS, Lim TS, Cha SA. Clinical Course and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea. Diabetes Metab J 2016; 40(6): 482-493.
  14. Papatheodorou K, Banach M, Bekiari E, Rizzo M, Edmonds M. Complications of Diabetes 2017. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018: 3086167.
  15. Deshpande AD, Harris-Hayes M, Schootman M. Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Phys Ther 2008; 88(11): 1254-1264.
  16. Bernardi S, Severini GM, Zauli G, Secchiero P. Cell-based therapies for diabetic complications. Exp Diabetes Res 2012: 2012: 872504.
  17. Del Core MA, Benage TC, Ahn J, Koehler D, et al. Effect of Diabetes and Hemoglobin A1c on Complications Following Elective Hand Surgery. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol. 2021; 26(4): 618-624
  18. Bock M, Johansson T, Fritsch G, Flamm M, et al. The impact of preoperative testing for blood glucose concentration and haemoglobin A1c on mortality, changes in management and complications in noncardiac elective surgery: a systematic review. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2015; 32(3):152-159.
  19. Bailes BK. Diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications. AORN J 2002; 76(2): 266-276.
  20. Cloete L. Diabetes mellitus: an overview of the types, symptoms, complications and management. Nurs Stand 2022; 37(1): 61-66.
Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation
Volume 11, Issue 2
Summer 2022
Pages 7-17