Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation

Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation

The Effect of a Period of Scapular Stabilization Exercises on Shoulder Joint Proprioception, ‎Function of the Upper Extremity and Scapulahemural Rhythm of Volleyball Players with ‎Scapular Dyskinesia

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
R Gholizadeh 1
E Mohammad Ali Nasab Firouzjah 2
1 Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Urmia Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
2 Department of Sports Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
10.22038/jpsr.2023.69854.2457
Abstract
Purpose:
Changing the movement and position of the scapula is called scapular dyskinesia, which can cause injuries and disorders in athletes and disrupt their performance. Therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of scapular stabilization exercises on shoulder joint proprioception, function of the upper extremity and scapulahemural rhythm in volleyball players with scapular dyskinesis.
Methods:
Thirty female volleyball players with scapular dyskinesis (including control group with age: 23.20 ± 3.93, height: 1.69 ± 0.03, weight: 60.73 ± 4.23; exercise group with age: 25.13 ± 3.70, height: 02 1.71 ± 0.00, weight: 63.20 ± 4.21) were selected purposefully and randomly placed in two control and training groups. Shoulder joint proprioception, upper limb function and scapulahemural rhythm of volleyball players were evaluated using photography method, Y test of upper limb and Kibler test, respectively. Scapular stabilization exercises were performed for eight weeks three sessions per week and each session 40 minutes by the training group. After the exercises, the post-test was performed. Dependent t-tests and covariance analysis were used to analyze the data.
Results:
The research results showed that eight weeks of scapular stabilization exercises had a significant effect on improving shoulder joint proprioception (p=0.002), increasing upper limb function (p=0.001) and improving brachial scapular rhythm (p=0.001) in the training group compared to the control group. Also, in the intra-group comparison, exercises showed a significant effect on all components.
Conclusion:
According to the research results, probably scapular stabilizing exercises can be effective in improving and developing shoulder joint proprioception, upper limb function and scapulahemural rhythm in volleyball players with scapular dysknesis.
Keywords
Volleyball
Proprioception
stabilization exercises
scapulahemural rhythm‏ ‏
  1. Kibler BW, Sciascia A, Wilkes T. Scapular dyskinesis and its relation to shoulder injury. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2012; 20(6): 364-372.
  2. Steinberg N, Hershkovitz I, Zeev A, Rothschild B, Siev-Ner I. Joint hypermobility and joint range of motion in young dancers. JCR: J Clin Rheumatol 2016; 22(4): 171-178.
  3. Struyf F, Meeus M, Fransen E, Roussel N, et al. Interrater and intrarater reliability of the pectoralis minor muscle length measurement in subjects with and without shoulder impingement symptoms. Man Ther 2014; 19(4): 294-298.
  4. Burn MB, McCulloch PC, Lintner DM, Liberman SR, Harris JD. Prevalence of scapular dyskinesis in overhead and nonoverhead athletes: a systematic review. Orthop J Sports Med 2016; 4(2): 2325967115627608.
  5. Jeremiah H, Alexander C. Do hypermobile subjects without pain have alteration to the feedback mechanisms controlling the shoulder girdle? Musculoskeletal Care 2010; 8(3): 157-163.
  6. Timmons MK, Thigpen CA, Seitz AL, Karduna AR, et al. Scapular kinematics and subacromial-impingement syndrome: a meta-analysis. Journal of Sport Rehabilitatio 2012; 21(4): 354-370.
  7. Struyf F, Cagnie B, Cools A, Baert I, et al. Scapulothoracic muscle activity and recruitment timing in patients with shoulder impingement symptoms and glenohumeral instability. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2014; 24(2): 277-284.
  8. Tang L, Chen K, Ma Y, Huang L, et al. Scapular stabilization exercise based on the type of scapular dyskinesis versus traditional rehabilitation training in the treatment of periarthritis of the shoulder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial Trials. 2021; 22(1): 1-11.
  9. Huang T-S, Huang C-y, Ou H-L, Lin J-J. Scapular dyskinesis: Patterns, functional disability and associated factors  in  people  with  shoulder  disorders. Man Ther 2016; 26: 165-71.
  10. Cools AM, Struyf F, De Mey K, Maenhout A, et al. Rehabilitation of scapular dyskinesis: from the office worker to the elite overhead athlete. Br J Sports Med 2014; 48(8): 692-707.
  11. Lee M-Y, Lee H-Y, Yong M-S. Characteristics of cervical position sense in subjects with forward head posture. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26(11): 1741-3.
  12. Dabholkar AS, Kumar SV. Assessment of Shoulder Proprioception in Shoulder Pain Patients. Int J Health Sci Res. 2016; 6: 105-109.
  13. Carpenter JE, Blasier RB, Pellizzon GG. The effects of muscle fatigue on shoulder joint position sense. Am J Sports Med 1998; 26(2): 262-265.
  14. Myers JB, Laudner KG, Pasquale MR, Bradley JP, Lephart SM. Scapular position and orientation in throwing athletes. Am J Sports Med 2005; 33(2): 263-271.
  15. Kibler W. Scapular disorder. Garrete WE, Speer KP Principles Practice of Orthopedic Sports Medicine, Lippincott, Kirkendall DT, Williams & Wilkins 2000; 27: 497-510.
  16. Meyer KE, Saether EE, Soiney EK, Shebeck MS, et al. Three-dimensional scapular kinematics during the throwing motion. J Appl Biomech 2008; 24(1): 24-34.
  17. Kibler WB, Ludewig PM, McClure PW, Michener LA, et al. Clinical implications of scapular dyskinesis in shoulder injury: the 2013 consensus statement from the ‘Scapular Summit’. Br J Sports Med 2013; 47(14): 877-885.
  18. Ou H-L, Huang T-S, Chen Y-T, Chen W-Y, et al. Alterations of scapular kinematics and associated muscle activation specific to symptomatic dyskinesis type after conscious control. Man Ther 2016; 26: 97-103.
  19. Buttagat V, Taepa N, Suwannived N, Rattanachan N. Effects of scapular stabilization exercise on pain related parameters in patients with scapulocostal syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2016; 20(1): 115-122.
  20. Seitz AL, McClelland RI, Jones WJ, Jean RA, Kardouni JR. A comparison of change in 3D scapular kinematics with maximal contractions and force production with scapular muscle tests between asymptomatic overhead athletes with and without scapular dyskinesis. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2015; 10(3): 309.
  21. Eyvazi hazeh baran A,  Ghani Zadeh Hesar   N,  Mohammad Ali nasasb Firouzjah  E,  Roshani S. Effect of Eight Weeks of Scapular Stabilization Exercises on Shoulder Proprioception and Performance of Archers with Scapular Dyskinesis. Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2020; 9(4): 52-61. [Persian]
  22. Başkurt Z, Başkurt F, Gelecek N, Özkan MH. The effectiveness of scapular stabilization exercise in the patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2011; 24(3): 173-179.
  23. Turgut E, Duzgun I, Baltaci G. Effects of scapular stabilization exercise training on scapular kinematics, disability, and pain in subacromial impingement: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2017; 98(10): 1915-23. e3.
  24. UHL T, SCIASCIA A. Scapular summit 2009: introduction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2009; 39(11): a1.
  25. Herrington L, Horsley I, Rolf C. Evaluation of shoulder joint position sense in both asymptomatic and rehabilitated professional rugby players and matched controls. Phys Ther Sport 2010; 11(1): 18-22.
  26. Cook G, Burton L, Torine J. Movement: Functional movement systems: Screening, assessment. Corrective Strategies (1st ed) Aptos, CA: 2010: 73-106.
  27. Gorman PP, Butler RJ, Plisky PJ, Kiesel KB. Upper Quarter Y Balance Test: reliability and performance comparison between genders in active adults. The J Strength Cond Res. 2012; 26(11): 3043-3048
  28. Westrick RB, Miller JM, Carow SD, Gerber JP. Exploration of the y-balance test for assessment of upper quarter closed kinetic chain performance. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2012; 7(2): 139.
  29. Babagoltabar Samakoush H, Norasteh AA. Evaluation of Scapular humeral rhythm, kyphosis and forward shoulder in national level wushu practitioners and non-athletes. Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2021; 11(5): 836-849. [Persian]
  30. Kim J-T, Kim S-Y, Oh D-W. An 8-week scapular stabilization exercise program in an elite archer with scapular dyskinesis presenting joint noise: A case report with one-year follow-up. Physiother Theory Pract. 2019; 35(2): 183-189.
  31. Nodehi-Moghaddam A, Khaki N. Kharazmi A. Comparison of Shoulder Proprioception between Female Volleyball Players and Non-Athlete Females. Archives of Rehabilitation 2009; 10(2): 45-49. [Persian]
  32. Thompson K, Mikesky A, Bahamonde RE, Burr DB. Effects of physical training on proprioception in older women. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2003. 3(3): 223-231
  33. Mohammad golipor agdam g, letafatkar a, hadadnezhad m. Comparison of the scapular stabilization and conscious control training on selected kinematic of scapular in subjects with scapular dyskinesis. Urmia Medical Journal 2019; 29(1): 74-84. [Persian]
  34. Donatelli R, Ellenbecker TS, Ekedahl SR, Wilkes JS, et al. Assessment of shoulder strength in professional baseball pitchers. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2000; 30(9): 544-551.
  35. Salo TD, Chaconas E. The effect of fatigue on upper quarter Y-balance test scores in recreational weightlifters: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2017; 12(2): 199.
  36. Tripp BL, Yochem EM, Uhl TL. Functional fatigue and upper extremity sensorimotor system acuity in baseball athletes. J Athl Train  2007; 42(1): 90.
  37. Neumann DA, Camargo PR. Kinesiologic considerations for targeting activation of scapulothoracic muscles-part 1: serratus anterior. Braz J Phys Ther 2019; 23(6): 459-466.
  38. Camargo PR, Neumann DA. Kinesiologic considerations for targeting activation of scapulothoracic muscles–part 2: trapezius. Braz J Phys Ther 2019; 23(6): 467-475.
  39. Voight ML, Thomson BC. The role of the scapula in the rehabilitation of shoulder injuries. J Athl Train. 2000; 35(3): 364.
  40. Geronimo SM, Baracho WF, da Silva Triani F. Effects of Strength Training on Scapular Dyskinesia: A Systematic Review. Journal of Health Sciences 2019; 21(4): 409-413.
  41. Burkhart SS, Morgan CD, Kibler WB. The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology Part I: pathoanatomy and biomechanics. Arthroscopy: The Arthroscopy 2003; 19(4): 404-420.
  42. Laudner KG, Stanek JM, Meister K. Differences in scapular upward rotation between baseball pitchers and position players. Am J Sports Med 2007; 35(12): 2091-5.
Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation
Volume 12, Issue 1
Spring 2023
Pages 75-87