Effect of Concurrent Training on Paraoxonase Activity Levels and Some of the Lipid Plasma Markers in the Blood of Women without Exercise Activity

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 M.Sc Sport Physiology,University of Islamic Azad, Sari, Iran

2 PhD, University of Islamic Azad, Amol, Iran

3 PhD, Medical Diagnosis laboratory, behshahr, Iran

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of concurrent training on serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and lipoprotein profile in the blood of obese women.
Methods:
Twenty-four non-active exercise healthy women volunteered to participate in this research. They were randomly assigned into two groups: concurrent exercise group (n=12) and control group (n=12). Duration of training was 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session lasted for 55-70 minutes. Concurrent exercise group carried out exercises at 60-80 percent of maximal reserve heart rate. Dependent variables were measured in the two phases of the study, including pre-test and post-test.
Results:
Findings of the present study show significant increase in PON1 activity (P=0.01), however, lipid indexes of this research including LDL (P=0.414), HDL (P=0.22), VLDL (0.159), CH (P=0.1566) were not significantly changed. On the other hand, blood TG concentration was significantly reduced (P=0.001). In addition, in obese women without exercise activity, level of  paraoxonase1 has a significant  relationship  with  HDL (P=0.02), but  no  relation  was observed with  the other  lipid  indexes of this research (P<0.05).
Conclusion:
The result of this study showed that after four weeks of concurrent training, increased enzyme paraoxonase 1 and decreased TG concentration were observed. But it seems the PON1 enzyme in inactive obese women has a significant relationship with HDL lipid parameters and other factors were not related to research. Thus, this protocol can be employed in inactive exercise obese men with inhibits the oxidation of LDL and limiting the HDL in circulation of blood with the goal of effectively prevent cardiovascular disease. Finally, in active people, exercise can increase PON1 induced enhanced in the total antioxidant system of the body.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. 1. Afzalpuor M, Gharahkanlo R, Gaeeni A, Maleknia H. The effect of moderate and intensive training on paraoxonase activity and lipid profile in healthy male athletes. Olympic Journal 2003; 3: 115-134. [Persian]

    2. Ghahremanlo A, Agha alinejad M, Gharahkanlo R. Comparison of three types of trainings endurance, strength and concurrent on the byvanzhyk characteristics, maximum strength and body composition non-trained men. Olympic Journal 2007; 4: 45-57. [Persian]

    3. Tartibian B.Estimate of Physiologic Indicators in Exercise. One Printing, Publications Publications Physician Tehran 2006. [Persian]

    4. Joukar H. The association of four weeks of endurance and resistance training with silybum marianum supplement on VEGF and PDGF blood untrain men student. A master's thesis to get M.A degree Islamic Azad Univesity 2012. [Persian]

    5. Mackness MI. Durrington PN. HDL-c, its enzymes and its potential to influence lipid peroxidation. Atherosclerosis 1995; 115: 243-53.

    6. Ladu BN, Eckerson HW. The polymorphic paraoxonase / arylesterase isozymes of human serum. Fed Proc 1984; 43(8): 2338-41.

    7. Beltowski J, et al. Cervistatin modulates plasma paraoxonase/arylesterase activity and oxidant-antioxidant balance in the rat. Pol J Pharmacol 2002; 54: 143-50.

    8. Liggy P. The new view scientific American. Atherosclerosis 2002; 286: 30-37.

    9. Noto H. Exclusive association of paraoxonase with High density lipoprotein particles in apolipoprotein A-I deficiency. Biochem Res Common 2001; 30(2): 395-401.

    10. Malin R. Paraoxonase gene polymorphism and coronary reactivity in young healthy men. J Mol Med 2001; 79 (8): 48-49.

    11. Durrington PN, Mackness B, Mackness MI. Paraoxonase and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21: 473-84.

    12. Mackness B, et al. Paraoxonase status in coronary heart disease: are activity and concentration more important than genotype?  Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 9:12151–70.

    13. Tomas M, et al. Paraoxonas 1-192 polymorphism modulates the effects of regular and acute exercise paraoxonase 1 activity. J Lipid Res 2002; 43: 713-720.

    14. Senti M, et al. Interrelationship of smoking, paraoxonase activity, and leisure time physical activity: A population-based study. Eur J Int Med 2003; 114: 178-184.

    15. Pawlowska D. Pharathion-methyl effect on the activity of hydrolitic enzymes after single physical exercise in rats. Pol J Pharmacol Pharm 1985; 37(5): 629-638.

    16. Senti M, et al. Interrelationship of smoking, paraoxonase activity, and leisure time physical activity: A population-based study. Eur J Int Med 2003; 114: 178-184.

    17. Britez F, et al. Regular exercise improve lipid and antioxidant profile. In: Abstracts of XIIth International Symposium on Atherosclerosis. Stockholm Sweden. 25-29 Jun 2000; 162.

    18.  Pols MA, Peeters HM, Beunode–Mesquita HB. Validity and reliability of a modified Baeck questionare on physical activity. Int J Epidemiol 1995; 24 (2): 381-8.

    19. McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch V l. Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance (Fifth Edition) 2001; 322.

    20. Gyorgy PS, et al. The serum paroxonase activity in patients with chronic renal Failure and hyperlipidemia. Nephrone 1998; 80: 166-170.

    1. 21. Koncsos P. Favorable Effect of Short-Term Lifestyle Intervention on Human Paraoxonase-1    Activity and Adipokine Levels in Childhood Obesity. Medical and Health Science Center, Nagyerdei korut 2012; H-4012.

     

    22. Ozdag S, et al. Effects of short-term exercise on heart-rate blood pressure oxidative stress paraoxonase activity and lipid hydroperoxide. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2010; 4(9), 658-661.

    23. Tas MT.Comparison of  the effect of  different  training  method  on  arylesterase  activity and  paraoxonase activity levels in  hot environment . Journal of Recreation and Sport 2012; page, Issue 1.
            
    24.Rabinson. The relationship between oxidized low-density lipoprotein and paraoxonase 1 following acute exercise.pub medicine 2011; DAI/B 73-04.