Measuring Lexical Diversity and Syntactic Complexity after Cochlear Implant in 8-9 Years age Children's

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 MSc, Department of Speech therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 PhD candidate, Department of Speech and Language Pathology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor,Department of Rehabilitation Management, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4 Professor, Department of Linguistics, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran

5 Professor of ortology, Department of Otolaryngology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Purpose:
Although cochlear implantation has been proven to cause considerable improvement in perceptive and expressive language of prelingually severe to profound hearing–impaired children, however, children with cochlear implant have grammar and vocabulary deficits depends on some factors such as diagnosis age, acoustic approval age, hearing age, rehabilitation onset and etc. The purpose of this study was to measure children's lexical diversity and syntactic complexity after cochlear implant in persian speaking children.
Methods:
This study included 10 children with cochlear implant and 10 age- and gender-matched normal hearing children. In order to collect data, language samples of children were gathered via picture description. The first 50 utterances were analyzed to measure mean lentgh of utterances, number of different words, number of total words and type token ratio. Mean hearing age of participants was 67.7 months (SD=1.77) and we used independent T test for data analysis.
Results:
There was no significant difference in all measures between children with cochlear implants and hearing age peers (p>0.05).
Conclusion:
Duration of hearing experience after CIs is an important factor for acquiring speech and language abilities. In other words, after 60 to72 months of implant experience, their lexical diversity and syntactic complexity were almost similar to chronological age scores of 60 to 72 months in normal hearing children.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1. Murphy J, Summerfield Q, O’Donoghuea G, Moore D. Spatial hearing of normally hearing and cochlear implanted children. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 75(4): 489–494.
2 .Miyamoto RT, Svirsky M, Kirk KI, Robbins AM, et al. Speech intelligibility of children with multi-channel cochlear implant. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 1997; 168:35-6.
3. NIparko J. Cochlear implants. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009: 1-18.
4. Jalilevand N. A review on the speech and language development of deaf children who receive cochlear implantation. J Res Rehabil Sci 2013; 9(8): 1323-1332. [Persian]
5. Geren J, Snedeker J. Syntactic and lexical development in children with cochlear implants. Cambridge: MA 021382009: Unpublished Paper, Harvard University; 2009.
6. Bollard M, Chute M, Popp A, Parisier S. Specific language growth in young children using the clarion cochlear implant. Ann Otol Rhino Laryngol 1999;108(4): 119-123.
7. Ertmer D, Strong, L, Sadagopan N. Beginning to communicate after cochlear implantation: Oral language development in a young child. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 2003; 46(2): 328-40.
8. Watkins RV, Kelly DJ, Harbers HM, Hollis W. Measuring children's lexical diversity: Differentiating typical and impaired language learners. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 1995; 38(6): 1349-1355.
9. Tager-Flusberg H, Calkins S, Nolin T, Baumberger T, et al .A longitudinal study of language acquisition in autistic and Down syndrome children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 1990; 20(1): 1-21.
10. Wright H, Silverman S, Newhoff M. Measures of lexical diversity in aphasia. Aphasiology 2003; 17(5): 443-52.
11. Dollaghan C, Campbell Th, Paradise J, Feldman H, et al. Maternal Education and Measures of Early Speech and Language. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research 1999; 42(6): 1432-43.
12. Bedore L, Peña L, Gillam R,  Ho TH. Language Sample Measures and Language Ability in Spanish English Bilingual Kindergarteners. Journal of Communication Disorder 2010; 43(3): 498-510.
13. Lead holm B, Miller J. Language sample analysis: The Wisconsin guide. Milwaukee: WI: Department of Public Instruction; 1992.
14. Hess CW, Sefton KM, Landry RG. Sample size and type-token ratios for oral language of preschool children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 1986; 29(1): 129-134.
15. Geers AE, Nicholas JG, Sedey AL. Language skills of children with early cochlear implantation. Ear and hearing 2003; 24(1): 46S-58S.
16. DesJardin JL, Ambrose SE, Martinez AS, Eisenberg LS. Relationships between speech perception abilities and spoken language skills in young children with hearing loss. International journal of audiology 2009; 48(5): 248-59.
17. Geers A, Moog J, Biedenstein J, Brenner Ch, et al. Spoken Language Scores of Children Using Cochlear Implants Compared to Hearing Age-Mates at School Entry. Oxford University Press 2009; 14(3): 371-385.
18. Omidvar S, Jafari Z, Hashemi S. B, Haghjou S. Effective factors on the progress of children with cochlear implants in aural rehabilitation programs. journal of research in hearing, speech and language 2014; 1(1): 35-40. [Persian]
19. Ashoori M, Hasanzadeh S, Pourmohamadreza Tajrishi M. Speech Intelligibility in Children with Cochlear Implant, with Hearing Aids and Normal Hearing. Journal of Rehabilitation 2013; 14(3): 8-15. [Persian]
20. Jalilabkenar S.S, Ashore M, Hasanzadeh S. Comparing auditory perception in children with cochlear implant, hearing aids and normal hearing. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences 2013; 9(4): 596-605. [Persian]
21. Weisi F, Rezaei M, Valadbeigi A. The effect of the age of cochlear implantation on the reading skills of children with hearing loss. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences 2013; 9(3): 553-560. [Persian]
22. Kazemi Y, Derakhshandeh F. Exploring the normal range of scores of Persian-speaking children in Robbins-Klee oral/speech motor control protocol. Journal of Rehabilitation 2007; 8(2): 50–56. [Persian]
23. Ling D. Speech and the Hearing Impaired Child: Theory and practice. 2 st ed. Washington, DC: A.G. Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing; 2002.‌‌‌
24. Brown R. A first language: The early stages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1973.
25. Miller J, Heilmann J, Nockerts A. Oral Language and Reading in Bilingual Children. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice 2006; 21(1): 30-43.
26. Sahakian S, Snyder B. Automatically Learning Measures of Child Language Development. The Association for Computational Linguistics 2012; short papers-volume2: 95-9.
27. Silverman S, Ratner NB. Measuring lexical diversity in children who stutter: application of vocd. Journal of Fluency Disorders 2002; 27(4): 289-304.
28. de la Rosa GR, Solorio T, Montes-y-Gómez M, Tonantzintla SM, et al. Exploring word class n-grams to measure language development in children. ACL 2013 :89.
29. May Mederake B. Determining early speech development in children with cochlear implants using the ELFRA-2 parental questionnaire.IJPORL 2012; 76(6): 797-801.
30. Schorr EA, Roth FP, Fox NA. A comparison of the speech and language skills of children with cochlear implants and children with normal hearing. Communication Disorders Quarterly 2008; 29(4): 195-210.
31. Monshizadeh L, Hashemi S.B, saffarinia M. The comparison between cochlear implanted and normal 6-9 year old children in social development after cochlear implant surgery (fars CI center). Jundishapur scientific medical journal 2012; 11(2). [Persian]
32. Hashemi S. B, Monshizadeh  L, Alipour A. (2011). Effects of cochlear implantation and associated rehabilitation services on the development of verbal and non-verbal intelligence of 6-9 years old deaf children with cochlear implants. Koomesh 2013; 13(1): 93-99. [Persian]
33. Percy-Smith L, Bousch G, Sandah M, Nissen L, et al. Language understanding and vocabulary of early cochlear implanted children. IJPORL 2013; 77(2): 184-8.
Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation
Volume 5, Issue 1
March 2016
Pages 20-29

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics