The Effect of Running-induced Fatigue on Foot Roll-over Pattern in Novice Runners

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu Ali Sina University

2 PhD candidate in Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu Ali Sina University

Abstract

Purpose:
Novice runners are at high risk of running-related injuries. However, their injury mechanisms are less well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of running-induced fatigue on foot roll-over pattern in novice runners.
Methods:
Eighteen (12 male and 6 female) novice runners participated in this study. Before and after the fatigue, plantar load distribution was recorded by Footscan system. Peak plantar pressure, peak force underneath of each zone and Medio-lateral force distribution ratio were calculated during forefoot push-off phase. Furthermore, temporal data such as time to peak force for each region and duration percent for each phase were calculated.
Results:
After the fatigue, an increase in forefoot and midfoot loading was observed. Results showed statistically significant reduction in the Medio-lateral force distribution ratio in forefoot push off (p=0.029). Moreover, timing percent of initial contact phase and forefoot contact phase were decreased (p=0.001 and p=0.009 respectively) and percent of forefoot push off phase duration was increased significantly (p=0.036). Time to peak force in the 4th metatarsal reduced.
Conclusion:
The findings of the present study demonstrated that running-induced fatigue caused load and plantar pressure distribution consequently, roll-over deviations in novice runners. These results may provide useful information related to several running related injuries.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Brisson C, Larocque B, Moisan J, Vézina M, Dagenais GR. Psychosocial Factors At Work, Smoking, Sedentary Behavior, and Body Mass Index: A Prevalence Study Among 6995 White Collar Workers. J Occup Environ Med 2000; 42(1): 40-6.
  2. Blair SN, BrodneyS. Effects of physical inactivity and obesity on morbidity and mortality: current evidence and research issues. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999; 31(11): 646-62.
  3. Folsom AR, Kushi LH, Hong CP. Physical activity and incident diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women. Am J Public Health 2000; 90(1):134-8.
  4. Tang R, Wang JY, Lo SK, Hsieh LL. Physical activity, water intake and risk of colorectal cancer in Taiwan: A hospital‐based case‐control study. Int J Cancer 1999; 82(4): 484-9.
  5. van Gent RN, Siem D, van Middelkoop M, van Os AG, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Koes BW. Incidence and determinants of lower extremity running injuries in long distance runners: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2007; 41(8): 469-80.
  6. Buist I, Bredeweg SW, Bessem B, van Mechelen W, Lemmink KA, Diercks RL. Incidence and risk factors of runningr elated injuries during preparation for a 4-mile recreational running event. Br J Sports Med 2010; 44(8): 598-604.
  7. Meeuwisse W. Assessing causation in sport injury: a multifactorial model. Clin J Sports Med 1994; 4: 166-70.
  8. Marti B, Vader JP, Minder CE, Abelin T. On the epidemiology of running injuries. The 1984 Bern Grand-Prix study. Am J Sports Med 1988; 16(3): 285-94.
  9. Hreljac A. Etiology, prevention, and early intervention of overuse injuries in runners: a biomechanical perspective. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am 2005; 16(3): 651–67.
  10. Stanish WD. Overuse injuries in athletes: a perspective. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1984; 16(1): 1-7
  11. Murphy DF, Connolly DA, Beynnon BD. Risk factors for lower extremity injury: a review of the literature. Br J Sports Med 2003; 37(1): 13-29.
  12. Hreljac A. Impact and overuse injuries in runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36(5): 845-9.
  13. Ghani Zadeh Hesar N, Van Ginckel A, Cools A, Peersman W, Roosen P, De Clercq D, et al.  A Prospective study on gait-related intrinsic risk factors for lower leg overuse injuries. Br J Sports Med 2009; 43: 1057-61.
  14. Thijs Y, De Clercq D, Roosen P, Witvrouw E. Gait-related intrinsic risk factors for patellofemoral pain in novice recreational runners. Br J Sports Med 2008; 42: 466-71.
  15. Willems TM, Witvrouw E, De Cock A, De Clercq D. Gait-related risk factors for exercise-related lower-leg pain during shod running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39: 330-9.
  16. Koblbauer IF, van Schooten KS, Verhagen EA,van Dieën JH. Kinematic changes during running-induced fatigue and relations with core endurance in novice runners. J Sci Med Sport 2014; 17(4): 419-24.
  17. Willems TM, De Ridder R, Roosen P. The effect of a long-distance run on plantar pressure distribution during running. Gait Posture 2012; 35(3): 405-9.
  18. Elliot B, AcklandT. Biomechanical effects of fatigue on 10,000 meter running technique. Res Q Exerc Sport 1981; 52(2): 160-6.
  19. Williams DS, McClay IS. Measurements used to characterize the foot and the medial longitudinal arch: reliability and validity. Phys Ther 2000; 80: 864-71.
  20. Willems T, Witvrouw E, Delbaere K, De Cock A, De Clercq D. Relationship between gait biomechanics and inversion sprains: a prospective study of risk factors. Gait Posture 2005; 21(4): 379-87.
  21. De Cock A, De Clercq D, Willems T, Witvrouw E. Temporal characteristics of foot roll-over during barefoot jogging: reference data for young adults. Gait Posture 2005; 21(4): 432-9.
  22. Nagel A, Fernholz F, Kibele C, Rosenbaum D. Long distance running increases plantar pressures beneath the metatarsal heads: a barefoot walking investigation of 200 marathon runners.Gait Posture 2008; 27(1): 152-5.
  23. Voloshin AS, Mizrahi J, Verbitsky O, Isakov E. Dynamic loading on the human musculoskeletal system—effect of fatigue. Clin Biomech 1998; 13(7): 515-20.
  24. Cavanagh PR. The biomechanics of lower extremity action in distance running. Foot Ankle 1987; 7(4): 197-217.
  25. Nigg BM. Biomechanics, load analysis and sports injuries in the lowerextremities. Sports Med 1985; 2(5): 367-78.
  26. Arndt A, Ekenman I, Westblad P, Lundberg A.Effects of fatigue and load variation on metatarsal deformation measured in vivo during barefoot walking. J Biomech 2002; 35(5): 621-628.
  27. Aredt EA. Stress fractures and the female athlete. Clin Orthop 2000; 372: 131-138.
  28. McAllister DR, Koh J, Bergfeld JA. Plantar ganglion cyst associated with stress fracture of the third metatarsal. Am J Orthop 2003; 32(1): 35-37.
  29. Willems TM, De Clercq D, Delbaere K, Vanderstraeten G, De Cock A, Witvrouw E. A prospective study of gait related risk factors for exercise-related lower leg pain. Gait Posture 2006; 23(1): 91–8.
  30. Christina KA, White SC, Gilchrist LA. Effect of localized muscle fatigue on vertical ground reaction forces and ankle joint motion during running. Hum Mov Sci 2001; 20(3): 257-76.
  31. Gerritsen KG, van den Bogert AJ, Nigg BM. Direct dynamics simulation of the impact phase in heel-toe running. J Biomech 1995; 28(6): 661-8.
  32. Dierks TA, Davis IS, Hamill J. The effects of running in an exerted state on lower extremity kinematics and joint timing. J Biomech 2010; 43(15): 2993-8.

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation
Volume 5, Issue 4
January 2017
Pages 23-32

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics