راه رفتن دوتکلیفی در سالمندان: مقاله مروری

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه فیزیوتراپی، دانشکده توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 مرکز تحقیقات توانبخشی اسکلتی-عضلانی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

هدف:
با افزایش جمعیت سالمندان، نرخ زمین خوردن سالمندان نیز به طور معنی­ داری افزایش یافته است. این می ‌تواند منجر به آسیب های جدی به سلامت سالمندان، خانواده­ هایشان و جامعه گردد. یکی از شرایطی که می­ تواند منجر به زمین خوردن سالمندان گردد، راه رفتن در شرایطی است که فرد به طور همزمان به انجام یک تکلیف حرکتی یا شناختی دیگر نیز می‌ پردازد که از آن با عنوان راه رفتن دوتکلیفی یاد می ‌شود. راه رفتن دو تکلیفی موضوعی مهم در حوزه ‌های سالمندی و علوم حرکتی و شناختی محسوب می ­شود و برای محققین مهم است که تصمیم بگیرند که مطالعات خود در زمینه راه رفتن دو تکلیفی را چگونه طراحی نمایند. بر این اساس، هدف این مطالعه، مروری بر رویکردهای روش‌شناختی مطالعات در زمینه راه رفتن دوتکلیفی سالمندان بوده است.
روش‌ بررسی:
بدین منظور پایگاه ‌های Scopus PubMed, Embase, و Index Copernicus از سال 1998 تا 2016 مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. کلمات کلیدی به صورت ترکیبی از این سه دسته کلی مورد جستجو قرار گرفتند: اول Elderly/ Older people/ aged people/ Aging؛ دوم Walking/ gait و سوم اولCognitive/ executive function/ Memory/ Working memory/ Attention/ Processing speed/ Visuospatial/ Language/ Psychomotor speed.
یافته ­ها:
64 مطالعه معیارهای ورود به مطالعه ما را دارا بودند. در مطالعه ما تکالیف شناختی، حرکتی و/یا شناختی-حرکتی همراه با راه رفتن، ابزارهای سنجش اجرای راه رفتن و تاثیر تکلیف دوگانه بر ویژگی های راه رفتن و کیفیت اجرای تکلیف همراه مورد توجه قرار گرفت.
نتیجه­ گیری:
با وجود آن‌ که تکالیف شناختی و حرکتی متعددی برای استفاده در راه رفتن دوتکلیفی وجود دارد که می‌ بایست بر اساس اهداف هر مطالعه ‌ای انتخاب گردند، اما به ‌طور کلی تکالیف شناختی بیشتر مورد استفاده قرار گرفته ­اند. این شاید به دلیل ایمنی این تکالیف باشد زیرا ضمن اجرای آن ها دست ها برای محافظت از زمین خوردن احتمالی سالمند حین راه رفتن، آزاد می ­باشند. همچنین سرعت و سایر پارامترهای خطی راه رفتن بیشتر مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته­ اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

مراجع

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فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی علوم پیراپزشکی وتوانبخشی
دوره 7، شماره 2
تیر 1397
صفحه 99-108

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