اثر ترتیب تمرینات ترکیبی هوازی - مقاومتی همراه با انسداد عروق بر آمادگی جسمانی زنان مسن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزش دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، سبزوار، ایران

چکیده

هدف:
ترتیب تمرینات ترکیبی یکی از اصول اساسی تمرین می ­باشد که بخصوص در زنان سالمندان و همراه با محدودیت جریان خون کمتر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. لذا هدف مطالعه حاضر مطالعه اثر ترتیب تمرینات ترکیبی (هوازی – مقاومتی در مقابل مقاومتی- هوازی) در یک جلسه تمرینی همراه با انسداد عروق بر عوامل آمادگی جسمانی زنان مسن بود.
روش بررسی:
چهل نفر زن سالمند سن 60 تا 70 سال به طور تصادفی به دو گروه تمرین ترکیبی و یک گروه کنترل (13 نفر) تقسیم شدند. یکی از گروه­های تمرینی ابتدا تمرین مقاومتی و سپس تمرین هوازی  (14 نفر) و گروه تمرینی دیگر ابتدا تمرین هوازی و سپس تمرین مقاومتی (13 نفر) را انجام دادند. هر دو بخش تمرین هوازی و مقاومتی در یک جلسه و همراه با انسداد عروق انجام شد. کل دوره تمرینی، 12 هفته و سه جلسه در هفته بود.
یافته ها:
نتایج نشان داد که در مورد شاخص توده بدن، دو گروه تمرینی نسبت به گروه کنترل کاهش معنی­داری داشت (0/001>p)، اما این کاهش در گروه تمرین هوازی- مقاومتی بیشتر بود (0/001>p). قدرت بالاتنه و پایین­تنه هر دو گروه تمرینی نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش معنی­دار داشت (0/001>p)، اما این افزایش در گروه مقاومتی- هوازی بیشتر بود (0/001>p). استقامت عضلانی دو گروه تمرینی نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش معنی­داری داشت (0/001>p)، اما بین دو گروه تمرینی تفاوت معنی­داری وجود نداشت (0/248<p). ظرفیت هوازی فقط بین گروه تمرین هوازی- مقاومتی با گروه کنترل تفاوت معنی­داری وجود داشت (0/001>p)، در حالی که بین گروه مقاومتی- هوازی با کنترل (0/081=p) و دو گروه تمرینی با یکدیگر تفاوت معنی­داری وجود نداشت (0/05<p).   
نتیجه‌گیری: 
به نظر می ­رسد تمرینات ترکیبی همراه با انسداد عروق صرف نظر از ترتیب آن‌ها به طور موثری باعث بهبود عناصر آمادگی جسمانی زنان سالمند می­شود و تفاوت قابل ملاحظه­ای بین ترتیب این دو نوع تمرین در یک جلسه تمرین وجود ندارد. هر چند چنانچه اهداف تمرینی خاصی مد نظر باشد، ترتیب تمرینات می­تواند تعیین­کننده باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مراجع

  1. Bauman A, Merom D, Bull FC, Buchner DM, et al. Updating the evidence for physical activity: summative reviews of the epidemiological evidence, prevalence, and interventions to promote "active aging”. Gerontologist 2016; 56 (2): S268-280.
  2. Kendall KL, and Fairman CM. Women and exercise in aging. Journal of Sport and Health Science 2014; 3(3): 170-178.
  3. Hunter GR, McCarthy JP, Bamman MM. Effects of resistance training on older adults. Sports Med  2004; 34(5): 329-348.
  4. Cadore EL, Pinto RS, Bottaro M, Izquierdo M. Strength and endurance training prescription in healthy and frail elderly. Aging Dis 2014; 5(3): 183-195.
  5. Huang G, Gibson CA, Tran ZV, Osness WH. Controlled endurance exercise training and VO2max changes in older adults: a meta-analysis. Prev Cardiol 2005; 8(4):217-25.
  6. Takeshima N, Rogers ME, Islam MM, Yamauchi T, et al. Effect of concurrent aerobic and resistance circuit exercise training on fitness in older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol  2004; 93(1-2): 173-82.
  7. Wood RH, Reyes R, Welsch MA, Favaloro-Sabatier J, et al. Concurrent cardiovascular and resistance training in healthy older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33(10):1751-8.
  8. Fisher G, McCarthy JP, Zuckerman PA, Bryan DR, et al. Frequency of combined resistance and aerobic training in older women. journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association 2013; 27(7): 1868-1876.
  9. Cadore EL, Izquierdo M, Alberton CL, Pinto RS, et al. Strength prior to endurance intrasession exercise sequence optimizes neuromuscular and cardiovascular gains in elderly men. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47 (2): 164-169.
  10. Cadore EL, Izquierdo M, Pinto SS, Alberton CL, et al. Neuromuscular adaptations to concurrent training in the elderly: effects of intrasession exercise sequence. Age (Dordr) 2013; 35(3): 891-903.
  11. Schumann M, Walker S, Izquierdo M, Newton RU, et al. The order effect of combined endurance and strength loadings on force and hormone responses: effects of prolonged training. European journal of applied physiology 2014; 114 (4): 867-880.
  12. Banitalebi E, Bovirhasani Baghanari H. Effect of sequence order of combined training (resistance and endurance) on strength, aerobic capacity, and body composition in older women. Middle East J Rehabil Health 2015; 2(2): e28514.
  13. MacNeil LG, Glover E, Bergstra TG, Safdar A, et al. The order of exercise during concurrent training for rehabilitation does not alter acute genetic expression, mitochondrial enzyme activity or improvements in muscle function. PLoS One 2014; 9(10): e109189.
  14. Campos Anderson Leandro Peres, Del Ponte Lourenço dos Santos, Cavalli Adriana Schüler, Afonso Mariângela da Rosa, et al. Effects of concurrent training on health aspects of elderly women. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano 2013; 15(4): 437-447.
  15. Chtara M, Chamari K, Chaouachi M, Chaouachi A, et al. Effects of intra-session concurrent endurance and strength training sequence on aerobic performance and capacity. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39(8): 555-560.
  16. Abe T, Kearens CF, Sato Y. Muscle size and strength increased following walk training with restricted venous blood flow from the leg muscle. kaatsu-walk training. J Appl Physiol 2006; 100(5): 1460-1466.   
  17. Wernbom M, Augustsson J, Raastad T. Ischemic strength training: a low-load alternative to heavy resistance exercise? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2008; 18(4): 401-16.
  18. Kraemer WJ, Adams K, Cafarelli E, Dudley GA, et al. American College of Sports Medicine. Position stand: progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002: 34 (2): 364-380
  19. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009: 41(3): 687-708.
  20. Loenneke JP, Wilson JM, Balapur A, Thrower AD, et al. Time under tension decreased with blood flow-restricted exercise. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2012; 32(4): 268-73.
  21. Loenneke JP, and Pujol TJ. The use of occlusion training to Produce muscle hypertrophy. Strength and Conditioning Journal 2009; 31 (3): 77-84.
  22. Suga T, Okita K, Morita N, Yokota T. Intramuscular metabolism during low-intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009; 106(4): 1119-24.
  23. Takarada Y, Takazawa H, Ishii N. Applications of vascular occlusion diminishes disuse atrophy of knee extensor muscles. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32 (12): 2035-2039.
  24. Karabulut M, Abe T, Sato Y, Bemben MG. The effects of low-intensity resistance training with vascular restriction on leg muscle strength in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 108 (1): 147-155.
  25. Shimizu R. Hotta K, Yamamoto S, Matsumoto T. Low‑intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction improves vascular endothelial function and peripheral blood circulation in healthy elderly people. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116 (4):749-757.
  26. Yasuda T, Fukumura K, Tomaru T, Nakajima T. Thigh muscle size and vascular function after blood flow-restricted elastic band training in older women. Oncotarget 2016; 7(23): 33595-33607.
  27. Yasuda T, Fukumura K, Fukuda T, Uchida Y. Muscle size and arterial stiffness after blood flow-restricted low-intensity resistance training in older adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014: 24 (5): 799–806.
  28. Abe T, Ozaki H, Sugaya M, Fujita S, et al. Effect of 42 weeks walk training with blood flow reduction on muscle size and strengths in the elderly. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sports and Exercise Science Bangkok, Thailand 2009; 336-341.
  29. Ozaki H, Miyachi M, Nakajima T. Abe T. Effects of 10 weeks walk training with leg blood flow reduction on carotid arterial compliance and muscle size in the elderly adults. Angiology 2011; 62 (1): 81-86.
  30. Libardi CA, Chacon-Mikahil MP, Cavaglieri CR, Tricoli V. et al. Effect of concurrent training with blood flow restriction in the elderly. Int J Sports Med 2015; 36(5): 395-399.
  31. Radaelli R, Botton CE, Wilhelm EN, Bottaro M, et al. Time course of low- and high-volume strength training on neuromuscular adaptations and muscle quality in older women. Age (Dordr)  2014; 36(2): 881-892.
  32. Hollander DB, Reeves GV, Clavier JD, Francois MR, et al. Partial occlusion during resistance exercise alters effort sense and pain. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24(1): 235-243
  33. Fahs CA, Loenneke JP, Thiebaud RS, Rossow LM, et al. Muscular adaptations to fatiguing exercise with and without blood flow restriction. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 35(3): 167-176.
  34. Eston R and Reily T. Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory Manual, Tests, procedures and data. 3rd edition, 2009: 30-31, Routledge
  35. Baechle TR, Earle RW. Essentials of strength training and conditioning. 3rd ed. National Strength and Conditioning Association, 2009;245. Human Kinetics
  36. Adams KJ, Swank AM, Barnard KL, Berning JM, et al. Safety of maximal power, strength, and endurance testing in older African American women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2000; 14(3): 254-260.
  37. ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 8th edition, 2009, Lippincott, William & Wilkins.
  38. Cadore EL, Pinto RS, Lhullier FLR, Correa CS, et al. Effects of strength, endurance andconcurrent training on aerobic power and dynamicneuromuscular economy in elderly men. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25 (3): 758-766
  39. Cadore EL, Pinto RS, Lhullier FLR, Correa CS, et al. Physiological effects of concurrent training in elderly men. Int J Sports Med 2010; 31(10): 689-97.
  40. Karatrantou K, Gerodimos V, Hakkinen K, Zafeiridis A. Health-promoting effects of serial vs integrated combined strength and aerobic training. Int J Sport Med 2017; 38(1): 55-64.
  41. Gravelle BL, Blessing DL. Physiological adaptation in women concurrently training for strength and endurance. J Strength Cond Res 2000; 14: 5-13.
  42. Collins MA, Snow TK. Are adaptations to combined endurance and strength training affected by the sequence of training? J Sports Sci 1993;11 (6): 485-91.
  43. Fyfe JJ, Bishop DJ, Stepto NK. Interference between concurrent resistance and endurance exercise: Molecular bases and the role of individual training variables. Sports Medicine 2014; 44(6): 743-762.
  44. Mikkola, J, Rusko, H, Izquierdo, M, Gorostiaga, EM, et al. Neuromuscular and cardiovascular adaptations during concurrent strength and endur- ance training in untrained men. Int J Sports Med 2012; 33 (9): 702-710,
  45. Karavirta L, Häkkinen A, Sillanpää E, Garcia-Lopez D, et al. Effects of combined endurance and strength training on muscle strength, power and hypertrophy in 40–67-year-old men. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011; 21 (3): 402-411.
  46. Holviala J, Kraemer WJ, Sillampää E, Karpinen H, et al. Effects of strength, endurance and combined training on muscle strength, walking speed and dynamic balance in aging men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 112(4): 1335-1347.
  47. Wernbom M, Augustsson J, and Thomee R. effects of vascular occlusion on muscular endurance in dynamic knee extension exercise at different submaximal load. J Strength Cond Res 2006; 20(2): 372-377.
  48. Wernbom M, Jarrebring R, Andreasson MA, and Augustsson J. Acute effects of blood flow restriction on muscle activity and endurance during fatiguing dynamic knee extensions at low load. J Strength Cond Res 2009; 23(8): 23389-2395.
  49. Takarada Y and Ishii N. Effects of low-intensity resistance exercise with short interest rest period on muscular function in middle-aged women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2002; 16(1): 123-128.
  50. Takarada Y, Nakamura Y, Aruga S, Onda T, et al. Rapid increase in plasma growth hormone after low-intensity resistance exercise with vascular occlusion. J Appl Physiol 2000; 88(1): 61-65b.
  51. Park S, Kim JK, Choi HM, Kim HG, et al. Increase in maximal oxygen uptake following 2-week walk training with blood flow occlusion in athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 109(4): 591-600.

فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی علوم پیراپزشکی وتوانبخشی
دوره 9، شماره 1
فروردین 1399
صفحه 68-80

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار