مروری بر عملکرد بیولوژیک سلنیوم و سلنوپروتئین ها در بدن و اثر آن بر بروز دیابت

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسنده

استادیار گروه علوم آزمایشگاهی، دانشکده علوم پیراپزشکی و توانبخشی ، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

هدف:
سلنیوم یک عنصر فوق کمیاب ضروری است که طیف وسیعی از فرآیندهای بیولوژیک از جمله پاسخ سلولی به استرس اکسیداتیو، سیگنال‏دهی ردوکس، تمایز سلولی و پاسخ ایمنی را تنظیم می‏ کند. علاوه بر این، سلنیوم در سنتز هورمون‌های تیروئید نیز مشارکت دارد که باعث تنظیم متابولیسم پایه در تمام بافت‌های بدن می‌ شود. در این مقاله عملکرد سلنیوم و سلنوپروتئین‌ ها و همچنین نقش آن ها در فرآیندهای مختلف و بروز دیابت مورد بررسی قرار می‌ گیرد.
روش بررسی:
در این تحقیق، 79 مقاله از پایگاه های اطلاعاتی PubMed، Web of science، Scopus،  SID در بازه زمانی 1984 تا 2023 در خصوص عملکرد سلنیوم و سلنوپروتئین‌ ها بررسی گردید.
یافته‌ها:
اثرات بیوشیمیایی و سلولی سلنیوم از طریق فعالیت سلنوپروتئین ‏های حاوی سلنوسیستئین حاصل می شود. در این مقاله به برخی از اثرات محافظتی سلنیوم و سلنوپروتئین ‏های در بخش های مختلف، نظیر دفاع آنتی‌اکسیدانی، سیستم قلبی-عروقی، عملکرد مغز، تمایز سلولی، پیشگیری از سرطان، تنظیم سیستم ایمنی و سمیت‌زدایی ناشی از فلزات سنگین اشاره گردید. اثرات سلنیوم بر سلامتی پیچیده است و مصرف دوزهای فوق تغذیه‌ای آن، می تواند خطر بروز دیابت تیپ 2 را افزایش دهد. در دهه های اخیر، بهینه سازی مصرف سلنیوم برای پیشگیری از بیماری های مربوط به کمبود یا اضافه بودن سلنیوم به عنوان یک مساله مهم در بهداشت جهانی شناخته شده است.  با توجه به اینکه سطح پایه سلنیوم در جمعیت‌های مختلف، از جمله در کشور ایران، یکسان نیست، نیاز به مطالعات جداگانه برای تعیین محدوده مرجع وجود دارد.
 نتیجه‌ گیری:
سلنیوم به عنوان یک مرکز ردوکس در سلنوپروتئین‌ها نقش‏ های مختلفی ایفاء می‌‌کند. انتظار می‌ رود که مطالعات پایه و بالینی مرتبط‌ تر، فواید استفاده از سلنیوم را به حداکثر برسانند و به کاهش خطرات بالقوه آن کمک کنند. همچنین بررسی مکانیسم های نهفته در زمینه اثرات سلنیوم بر بیماری‌ های مختلف نیازمند مطالعات بیشتری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی علوم پیراپزشکی وتوانبخشی
دوره 13، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1403
صفحه 93-103

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