ارتباط پیرگوشی با افزایش خطر زوال عقل و نقش توانبخشی شنوایی: یک مطالعه مروری

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه شنوایی شناسی، دانشکده توانبخشی ، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه طب سالمندی، دانشکده پزشکی؛ دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار گروه طب سالمندی، دانشکده پزشکی؛ دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف:
رابطه بین کم شنوایی ناشی از سن و مشکلات شناختی در مطالعات اخیر بسیار مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. از آنجایی که تشخیص زودهنگام تنها راه درمان اختلالات شناختی در دوران سالمندی است، بنابراین، استفاده از روش های توانبخشی شنیداری ممکن است برای پیشگیری از این اختلالات مفید واقع شود. تاکنون مقاله مروری فارسی در این زمینه منتشر نشده است. این مقاله قصد دارد به بررسی رابطه پیرگوشی و زوال عقل، توصیف مکانیسم‌های زیربنائی آن و نقش مداخلات توانبخشی شنوایی در پیشگیری از این اختلالات بپردازد.
روش بررسی:
در این مقاله، پایگاه های اطلاعاتی PubMed، Scopus، Google Scholar، و پایگاه‌داده مرورهای سیستماتیک با کلیدواژه های "کم شنوایی ناشی از سن"، "پیر گوشی"، "اختلالات شناختی"، "آلزایمر"، "زوال عقل"، "سمعک "و " کاشت حلزون" برای شناسایی مقالات مرتبط منتشر شده در سال های اخیر جستجو شدند و مقالات مرتبط استخراج شده و مورد نقد و بررسی قرار گرفتند.
یافته ها:
پژوهش های رفتاری و الکتروفیزیولوژیک و همچنین تصویربرداری ها نشان داده‌اند که کم شنوایی با بروز زوال عقل قویاً ارتباط دارد. توانبخشی های شنوایی که عمدتاً با استفاده از سمعک و کاشت انجام می پذیرند، نقش موثری را در پیشگیری از اختلالات شناختی در دوران سالمندی نشان داده‌اند. مکانیسم مطرح شده این است که تجربه شنوایی افزایش یافته از طریق استفاده از سمعک، می تواند منجر به پلاستیسیتی در سیستم شنوایی، افزایش دامنه پتانسیل های برانگیخته و عملکرد حافظه کاری شود که در نهایت عملکرد کلی شناختی را بهبود می بخشد. در مورد روش توانبخشی های شنوایی دیگر مانند تربیت شنوایی مطالعات محدود است و نیاز به مطالعات بیشتری در این زمینه است. 
نتیجه گیری:
نتایج پژوهش ها نشان می دهد که کم شنوایی در بروز زوال عقل نقش مهمی دارد و استفاده از وسایل کمک شنوایی در کم شنوایان مانند سمعک، میتواند خطر نسبی اختلالات شناختی مانند زوال عقل و آلزایمر را در سالمندان کاهش دهد. مطالعات بیشتری مورد نیاز است تا مشخص شود که سمعک باید با چه ویژگی های خاصی تنظیم شود تا اثر بیشتری بر پیشگیری از اختلالات شناختی و یا حتی بهبود آن ها داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی علوم پیراپزشکی وتوانبخشی
دوره 14، شماره 2
مرداد 1404
صفحه 97-107

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