فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی علوم پیراپزشکی وتوانبخشی

فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی علوم پیراپزشکی وتوانبخشی

ارتباط بین فعالیت بدنی، سارکوپنیا و سلامت قلبی: یک مطالعه مروری

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان
محمدعلی قرائت 1
حمید رضا چوبداری 2
1 استادیار گروه آموزش تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی ورزش، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
10.22038/jpsr.2026.88515.2708
چکیده
هدف:
سارکوپنیا یکی از فرآیندهای تنظیمی‌عضلانی است که با افزایش سن از میانسالی به طور طبیعی در بدن آغاز می‌شود و موجب آتروفی در تمام عضلات بدن در دوران پیری می‌گردد. مطالعه مروری حاضر قصد دارد به بررسی مسیرهای سلولی-مولکولی اثرگذار بر سارکوپنیا و ارتباط آن با بیماری‌های قلبی-عروقی بپردازد.
روش بررسی:
برای شناسایی مقالات در این زمینه، جستجوی جامع در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی PubMed/MEDLINE، Scopus و Web of Science صورت گرفت. بر اساس فهرست MeSH، واژه‌های سارکوپنیا، فعالیت بدنی، تمرین بدنی، تمرین قدرتی، تمرین استقامتی، تمرین هوازی، ورزش، سالمندی، هایپرتروفی قلبی و عملکرد قلب، بیماری قلبی عروقی در این پژوهش مورد استفاده قرار گرفت.
یافته ها:
عضله‌ اسکلتی طی فرآیندهای شیمیایی یا مکانیکی خاص، قادر به آزادسازی فاکتورهای نوروشیمیایی به نام میوکاین به منظور ارتباط با سایر بافت‌هاست. این واسطه‌ها می‌توانند یک تعامل مولکولی بین عملکرد عضلانی و فیزیولوژیک بدن برقرار کنند. مهم‌ترین میوکاین‌های مرتبط با عملکرد قلبی شامل آپلین، فاکتور نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز، آیریزین، اینترلوکین-6 ، فولستاتین و میوستاتین می­ باشند. از سویی، مطالعات نشانگر نقش حملات قلبی و تصلب شرایین بر تسریع روند سارکوپنیا است. از دست دادن توده عضلانی در افراد مبتلا به بیماری قلبی، منجر به افزایش خطر مرگ و میر می‌شود. بی‌تحرکی منجر به التهاب و تجمع چربی در عضلات اسکلتی شده، قدرت عضلانی را کاهش داده و چاقی، دیابت نوع 2، بیماری قلبی عروقی، سرطان، زوال عقل و افسردگی را بدنبال دارد. همچنین پیامدهایی مانند تخریب بافت پروتئین‌ها، آتروفی، تغییر اکسیداسیون اسیدهای چرب و وابستگی بیشتر به استفاده از کربوهیدرات برای تولید انرژی در بدن ناشی از سارکوپنیا منجر به کاردیومیوپاتی و سایر عوارض قلبی عروقی می‌شود.
نتیجه‌گیری:
فعالیت بدنی، بویژه انواع تمرین‌های قدرتی و اینتروال می‌توانند توده عضلانی، قدرت بدنی و عملکرد فرد را افزایش دهند. در سالمندان دارای بدن سالم، بهبود قدرت عضلانی می‌تواند حتی با تنها یک جلسه تمرین مقاومتی در هفته نیز حاصل شود و کاهش سرعت پیشرفت آتروفی عضلانی و اختلالات قلبی رو بهمراه داشته باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
آتروفی عضلانی
میوکاین
اختلالات قلبی
فعالیت بدنی
سالمندی
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فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی علوم پیراپزشکی وتوانبخشی
دوره 15، شماره 1
بهار 1405
صفحه 80-102