آیا می توان با کنترل بار تمرین از آسیب دیدگی پیشگیری کرد؟ مروری‎ ‎‏ نظام مند بر مطالعات انگلیسی زبان

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی‎ ‎دکتری‎ ‎آسیب‎ ‎شناسی‎ ‎ورزشی‎ ‎و‎ ‎حرکات‎ ‎اصلاحی،گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه تهران، ‏ایران

2 استاد گروه آسیب شناسی و بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استاد گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران ‏

چکیده

هدف:
تمرین ورزشکاران می‌ تواند به وسیله بار تمرین کمی ‌سازی شود. در سال ‌های اخیر مفهوم بار تمرین مورد توجه بیشتری قرار گرفته ‌است و این مهم به این دلیل است که ضرورت تحت نظر گرفتن ورزشکار در راستای سازگاری‌ های مورد نیاز ورزش مورد نظر از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است و همچنین مطالعات رابطه بین بار تمرین و ریسک آسیب‌دیدگی و بیش تمرینی را  مورد تأکید قرار داده ‌اند. هدف از مطالعه حاضر پاسخ به این سوال است که آیا می توان با کنترل بار تمرین از آسیب دیدگی پیشگیری کرد؟
روش بررسی:
جستجوی مقالات در سایت های تخصصی Pubmed Medline, Google scholar   و Science direct   و کلمات کلیدی بار (Load)، بار تمرین (Workload)، و ترکیب  کلمات، پیشگیری و آسیب ( Injury&Prediction )،  بار و آسیب (Load & Injury)   بین سال های 2016 تا 2022 بود. تنها مطالعاتی که تجربی و نیمه تجربی بودند مورد برسی قرار گرفتند.
یافته ها:
تعداد 25 مقاله براساس معیارهای ورود به مطالعه  از بین 507 مقاله انتخاب شدند. مجموعا مطالعات 2045 آزمودنی را مورد بررسی قرار داده‌اند. این مطالعات به بررسی رابطه بار تمرین و مسابقه و آسیب های ورزشکاران پرداخته بودند. اکثر مطالعه های بررسی شده  معیار (Acute Chronic Workload; ACWR) معیار مهمی در سنجش بار تمرینی  معرفی نمودند و رابطه آن را به عنوان یک ریسک فاکتور آسیب دیدگی گزارش کرده اند. نتایج مطالعه های بررسی شده نشان می دهد که معیار ACWR  معیار مهمی در سنجش بار تمرینی  است و این معیار  به عنوان یک ریسک فاکتور آسیب دیدگی معرفی می شود.   
نتیجه گیری:
به طور خلاصه در مطالعه حاضر نتایج به صورت برجسته عبارت اند از  : 1- بار تمرینی با احتمال بروز آسیب در ورزشکاران در ارتباط است ولی در مورد چگونگی دقیق این ارتباط، همچنان  در محافل علمی بحث وجود دارد.2- بهترین راه اندازه گیری بار تمرین، اندازه گیری بار درونی و بیرونی به صورت توامان است 3- الگوی تاثیرگذاری بار تمرین بر احتمال بروز آسیب در ورزشکاران در ورزش های انفرادی و تیمی متفاوت است. 4- برای در نظر گرفتن اصل تفاوت های فردی در احتمال بروز آسیب استفاده از معیار هایی که بتواند بار درونی هر ورزشکار به صورت جداگانه گزارش کند، ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی علوم پیراپزشکی وتوانبخشی
دوره 12، شماره 3
آذر 1402
صفحه 107-120

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