تأثیر تمرینات حرکتی ریتمیک بر حافظه دیداری - فضایی، انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی و تعادل کودکان مبتلابه ‏اختلال طیف اوتیسم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد علوم ورزشی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران‏

2 استادیار علوم ورزشی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

چکیده

هدف:
به نظر می ­رسد انجام ورزش و فعالیت بدنی می تواند به عنوان یک مداخله مؤثر جهت بهبود مشکلات حرکتی و شناختی کودکان طیف اوتیسم مدنظر قرار گیرد. در همین راستا هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر تمرینات حرکتی ریتمیک بر حافظه دیداری - فضایی، انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی و تعادل کودکان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اوتیسم بود.
روش بررسی:
جامعه آماری شامل کودکان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اوتیسم شهرستان یزد بود که از بین آن‌ها 20 نفر (10 نفر گروه تجربی، 10 نفر گروه کنترل) با دامنه سنی 10 تا 12 سال انتخاب و با انجام آزمون­ بلوک‌های کرسی (حافظه دیداری-فضایی)، دسته‌بندی کارت‌های ویسکانسین (انعطاف‌ پذیری شناختی)، آزمون لک‌لک اصلاح‌ شده (تعادل ایستا) و راه رفتن پاشنه – پنجه (تعادل پویا) به‌صورت پیش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون در این پژوهش شرکت کردند. گروه تجربی به مدت 10 جلسه به‌صورت 2 جلسه در هفته تمرینات حرکتی ریتمیک را دریافت کردند و گروه کنترل به فعالیت‌های روزمره خود پرداختند. تحلیل داده­ ها با استفاده از آزمون آنوای مرکب در سطح معنی‌داری 0/05>p  انجام شد.
یافته‌ ها:
نتایج نشان داد که تمرینات حرکتی ریتمیک باعث بهبود حافظه دیداری– فضایی (1/16±23/1)، انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی (71/12±18/3) و تعادل پویا (1/18±13/21) کودکان مبتلا به اختلال طیف اوتیسم شد(0/05>p)، اما بر تعادل ایستا (0/50±1/10)  اثر معنی‌داری نداشت (0/05<p).
نتیجه ‌گیری:
با توجه به یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر می‌توان از تمرینات حرکتی ریتمیک به‌عنوان مداخله‌ ای مناسب برای بهبود مشکلات حرکتی و شناختی کودکان طیف اوتیسم استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی علوم پیراپزشکی وتوانبخشی
دوره 12، شماره 4
بهمن 1402
صفحه 79-92

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