اثر تمرینات عصبی عضلانی اسپورت‌متریک بر عوامل خطرساز آسیب و عملکرد ورزشکاران: یک مطالعه مروری نظام مند

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آسیب شناسی ورزشی و حرکات اصلاحی، گروه آسیب شناسی و بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار حرکات اصلاحی و آسیب شناسی ورزشی، گروه علوم ورزشی و تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

3 استاد آسیب شناسی و حرکات اصلاحی، گروه آسیب شناسی و بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف:
تمرینات اسپرت‌متریک برخلاف سایر تمرینات عصبی-عضلانی، علاوه بر پیشگیری از آسیب با هدف بهبود عملکرد برای رشته‌های فوتبال، والیبال، بسکتبال و تنیس طراحی شده است. همچنین این تمرینات برخلاف سایر تمرینات، از قبیل فیفا +۱۱، که دارای مقالات مروری متعددی می‌باشند، فاقد مرور نظام‌مند است. لذا در پژوهش حاضر مرور نظام‌مند بر تاثیر تمرینات اسپرت‌متریک صورت گرفت.
روش بررسی:
پژوهش حاضر بر اساس دستورالعمل پریسما صورت گرفت. برای یافتن مقالات زبان انگلیسی، از موتورهای جستجو PubMed، Web of Science (WOS)، Scopus Google Scholar با استفاده از کلیدواژه‌های Sport specific, Sportsmetrics, Neuromuscular training , performance, function, Prevent, ACL و مقالات زبان فارسی از موتورهای جستجو اس آی دی و مگیران با استفاده از کلیدواژه‌های تمرینات ویژه، اسپورت‌متریک، تمرینات عصبی عضلانی، پلایومتریک، اجرا، عملکرد، پیشگیری، رباط متقاطع قدامی در دامنه سال 2000 الی 2024 جستجو گردید و کیفیت سنجی مقالات بر اساس چک لیست پدرو انجام شد.
یافته‌ها:
معیار انتخاب مقالات بررسی عوامل خطرساز و یا عملکرد ورزشی به دنبال انجام تمرینات اسپورت‌متریک بود. در نهایت مرور پژوهش بر روی ۱۹ مقاله از 22987 مقاله یافت شده، صورت گرفت. در مجموع هفت پژوهش خطر آسیب، یک پژوهش عملکرد و 11 پژوهش هردو عامل را بررسی نموده بودند. رایج‌ترین رشته‌های ورزشی فوتبال و والیبال، و رایج‌ترین آزمون های عملکرد ورزشی توان انفجاری، سرعت و چابکی بود. اکثر پژوهش‌ها کاهش معنی‌دار خطر آسیب و همچنین بهبود معنی‌دار عملکرد ورزشی را گزارش نموده‌اند.
نتیجه‌گیری:
تمرینات اسپورت‌متریک علاوه بر کاهش والگوس داینامیک زانو و خطای فرود، و بهبود راستای اندام تحتانی، افزایش توان، سرعت، چابکی و ثبات مرکزی را به همراه دارد. اما در زمینه تاثیر آن بر تعادل نتایج متناقض بوده و نیازمند بررسی بیشتر است. به مربیان و ورزشکاران توصیه می‌ شود بدون ترس از ایجاد اختلال در عملکرد ورزشی، جهت کاهش خطر آسیب از تمرینات اسپورت‌متریک تخصصی مرتبط با رشته خود استفاده نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی علوم پیراپزشکی وتوانبخشی
دوره 14، شماره 1
فروردین 1404
صفحه 82-98

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